Forum : Diseases and disease agents          Submit New Topic Topic:Rabies Name:rwoods Date: Email:rwoods@zoo.nsw.gov.au Phone: Name Date Of Event Posted Details T Grillo 07/09/2010 How viruses jump from hosts: Secrets of rabies transmission in bats discovered [Plus Publication] 6/6/2010 Science Daily: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/08/100805143101.htm “HIV-AIDS. SARS. Ebola. Bird Flu. Swine Flu. Rabies. These are emerging infectious diseases where the viruses have jumped from one animal species into another and now infect humans. This is a phenomenon known as cross-species transmission (CST) and scientists are working to determine what drives it.[PUBLICATION] Streicker, D.G. et al., (2010) Host Phylogeny Constrains Cross-Species Emergence and Establishments of Rabies Virus in Bats. Science, 329 (5992), 676 - 679 DOI: 10.1126/science.1188836 T Grillo 05/07/2010 The Rabies Blueprint Rabies continues to be an active threat in many countries throughout the world, as regularly reported on ProMED. In an effort to help countries find and implement realistic solutions to reduce the burden of rabies throughout their territory, the Global Alliance for Rabies Control, Partners for Rabies Prevention and FAO’s Regional Central Animal Health in Bamako, under the coordination of Dr Tiziana Lembo, are launching a new on-line “Blueprint for canine rabies elimination and human rabies prevention” (www.rabiesblueprint.com) T Grillo 30/03/2010 Rabies epidemic grips Bali [2 min video] 16/02/2010 ABC: http://www.abc.net.au/news/video/2010/02/16/2821120.htm A disease spread by dog bites has killed 25 people in Bali, prompting calls for a mass animal vaccination. T Grillo 11/02/2010 ProMED: Rabies, Raccoon - USA (New York) 22/01/2010 ProMED: http://www.promedmail.org/pls/otn/f?p=2400:1001:839173483436581::NO::F2400_P1001_BACK_PAGE,F2400_P1001_PUB_MAIL_ID:1010,81029 “Rabid raccoons have been increasingly infesting Central Park, with 8 of the mad animals found there in the past 2 weeks, according to the Department of Health. The 8 cases, along with 12 reported in 2009, are a dramatic increase over years past, when only a single rabid raccoon was reported from 2003 to 2008. Most of the rabid raccoons were found in the northern portions of Central Park from 79th Street to 110th Street, the Health Dept said.The Health Dept has posted fliers in the park and nearby subway stations and plans to vaccinate raccoons in and around Central Park, Morningside Park, and Riverside Park in an attempt to slow the spread of the disease. [This is probably oral rabies bait.- Mod.TG] Park workers have increased surveillance for sick animals. Visitors are encouraged to be on the lookout T Grillo 04/12/2009 ProMED: Rabies, Canine, Human - Indonesia: Bali http://www.promedmail.org/pls/otn/f?p=2400 :1001:249628804558414::NO::F2400_P1001_BACK_PAGE,F 2400_P1001_PUB_MAIL_ID:1010,80189 “The Molecular Biology Laboratory at the University of Udayana's School of Medicine [located in Bali] has confirmed the rabies outbreak in Bail originated in Indonesia”…………………..”A number of virologists including Budayanti, Ngurah Mahardika, Raka Sudewi and Susilawati conducted a close examination of the rabies virus taken from victims in Bali. The 4 virologists used sequence data from all types of rabies found in Indonesia [obtained] from GenBank. "We assume the virus entered Bali through inter-island animal trafficking. Our study found the virus came from Flores in East Nusa Tenggara and Sulawesi," she said.”……” The rabies outbreak hit Bali in November 2008 and has, so far, claimed 17 lives. Bali has a dog population of 500 000.The Bali administration has carried out anti-rabies schemes including dog vaccinati T Grillo 11/11/2009 ProMED: Vaccinia, Human, Oral Rabies Vaccine - Usa: (Pennsylvania) 5/11/2009http://www.promedmail.org /pls/otn/f?p=2400:1001:2126726494529321::NO::F2400 _P1001_BACK_PAGE,F2400_P1001_PUB_MAIL_ID:1010,7996 0 “……………….In August 2009, during the autumn baiting campaign in western Pennsylvania, a woman aged 35 years who was taking immunosuppressive medication for inflammatory bowel disease contacted the Pennsylvania Department of Health (PADOH) after handling a ruptured bait, which had leaked liquid rabies vaccine onto a patch of abraded skin on her right hand. The patient subsequently developed vaccinia virus infection and was treated with human vaccinia immune globulin intravenous (VIGIV) and an investigational antiviral agent. This report describes this case, which was the 2nd case of human vaccinia infection related to the ORV program…………….” T Grillo 11/11/2009 ProMED: Rabies, Wildlife - USA (07): (Arizona) Bat Variant 7/11/2009http://www.promedmail.org/pls/ot n/f?p=2400:1001:2126726494529321::NO::F2400_P1001_ BACK_PAGE,F2400_P1001_PUB_MAIL_ID:1010,79980 An interesting discussion on the current rabies situation in Arizona. It has been a record year with more than 200 animals testing positive so far. “A scientific report in the August 2006 issue of Emerging Infectious Diseases, ‘Bat-associated rabies virus in skunks,’ states that 19 skunks in Flagstaff were confirmed to be infected with a bat-associated rabies virus variant in 2001. "This is the largest recorded cluster of bat RABVV (rabies virus variant) infection in terrestrial mammals," the report states. "Investigation of this novel outbreak showed evolution in action with the emergence of an RABVV that successfully adapted from Chiroptera to Carnivora." The report also states the variant reappeared in 5 skunks and a fox in 2004. By late 2008, foxes were transmitting the variant to other fo T Grillo 31/08/2009 31/08/2009 Bat rabies and other lyssavirus infections Constantine, D.G., 2009, Bat rabies and other lyssavirus infections: Reston, Va., U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1329, 68 p. About: “Bat Rabies and Other Lyssavirus Infections offers readers an overview of the virus variants that cause bat rabies, and geographical patterns in occurrence of this disease. The section Species Susceptibility describes infection rates and trends among bats, humans, and other animals. Disease Ecology considers the biological and environmental dynamics of the disease in various species of bats. Points to Ponder: Interspecies Interactions in Potential Bat Rabies Transmission Settings discusses the narrowing interface of bat colonies and human society and how humans and domestic animals play a role in transmission of bat rabies. Disease Prevention and Control outlines how to limit exposure to rabid bats and other animals. Appendixes include extensive tables of reported infections in bat species and in humans, and a g Tiggy Grillo 28/08/2009 28/08/2009 • Rabies - first case of bat rabies in Finland (OIE report) 5/8/09 Follow link: http://www.oie.int/wahis/public.php?page=single_report&pop=1&reportid=8378 OIE report epidemiology comments: “Friday evening on 14 August 2009, Finnish Food Safety Authority (Evira) received a bat (Daubenton's bat, Myotis daubentoni) for laboratory analyses. The bat had bitten researcher and his assistant several times earlier that day. The bat had been very aggressive. Laboratory analyses conducted during weekend and on 17 August have confirmed that the bat had clinical rabies. Virus is RT-PCR positive for European Bat Lyssavirus 2 (EBLV-2). Also cell culture is positive. More precise typing is ongoing. The bat originated from Turku (Åbo) in South-Western Finland. This is the first case of bat rabies in Finland ever. According to our knowledge the researcher and his assistant were vaccinated against rabies. However, preventive medication was started on Friday. Evira and National Institute for Health and T Grillo 13/07/2009 13/07/2009 ProMED: Rabies, Animal, Human - Russia Follow link: http://www.promedmail.org/pls/otn/pm?an=20090705.2414 “ …….The number of rabies cases among animals during 2008 was 2.5 times their number during 2007. 80 per cent of the cases involved wildlife, of which the population growth is uncontrolled. The other 20 per cent involved pets.During the 1st 5 months of 2009, 11 000 persons applied for post-exposure treatment. This is an 11 per cent more than in the same period of 2008. 1 2          Submit New Topic

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